Toggle Binary Bits

Joseph is studying digital logic for his next semester. He received a problem where he must work with binary representation of numbers.

You are given a positive integer N.

Steps to solve the problem:

1. Convert the decimal number N to its binary representation.

2. Toggle all the bits of the binary number (change 1 → 0 and 0 → 1), including the most significant bit (MSB).

3. Convert the new binary number back to decimal.

4. Print the resulting integer.

Constraints

• 1≤N≤1001 \le N \le 1001≤N≤100

Input

• A single integer N.

Output

• An integer representing the decimal value after toggling all bits of the binary representation.

Example

Input

10

Output

5

Explanation

• Binary representation of 10 → 1010

• Toggle all bits → 0101

• Decimal value of 0101 → 5

So the output is 5.